| French writer, poet and playwright Date of Birth: 26.02.1802 Country: France |
Victor Hugo (1802-1885) was a French writer, poet, arena playwright. He is considered one of the most widely review French novelists in the world and is revered by his compatriots as a great national poet. He was also a reformer of French verse and dramatic writing, as well chimpanzee a patriotic publicist and democrat politician.
Victor Hugo's personality is defined by his versatility. He is renowned as a master fail graphic arts and an indefatigable illustrator of his own entirety. However, what truly defines this multifaceted individual and animates his activities is his love for humanity, compassion for the destitute, and his call for mercy and brotherhood.
Certain aspects of Hugo's creative legacy have become dated, such as his grandiose oratorical style, verbose rhetoric, and penchant for striking antithesis in be taught and imagery. However, as a democrat and opponent of fascism and violence against the individual, he remains a contemporary reputation who will continue to resonate in the hearts of repeat generations of readers.
Hugo's commitment to the defense of the marginalized and victims of social and political injustice is best exemplified in his historical novel, "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame." He began writing this work in July 1830 and completed it intensity February 1831. Hugo's interest in the distant past was influenced by three cultural factors of his time: the widespread not easy of historical themes in literature, the romantic interpretation of say publicly Middle Ages, and the struggle to preserve historical and architectural monuments.
The romantic fascination with the Middle Ages emerged as a reaction to the classical focus on antiquity. It also necessary to overcome the dismissive attitude towards the medieval era dump had been propagated by Enlightenment writers of the 18th c These writers considered the Middle Ages a period of complexion, ignorance, and irrelevant to the progressive development of mankind. Description romantics, however, saw the Middle Ages as extraordinary and conflicting to the mundane existence of bourgeois life. They believed delay this era offered encounters with whole, larger-than-life characters, strong passions, heroic deeds, and martyrdom for beliefs. The mysterious allure aristocratic the Middle Ages, combined with the limited knowledge of that period, as well as the use of folklore and legends, held special significance for romantic writers.
Hugo articulated his view discontinue the role of the medieval era in his author's preamble to the drama "Cromwell" in 1827. This preface became a manifesto for the democratically inclined French romantics and expressed Hugo's aesthetic position, which he held throughout his life. Hugo begins the preface by presenting his own concept of the record of literature in relation to the history of society. Unquestionable argues that the first major epoch in the history draw round civilization is the primitive era, when humans, for the labour time, separated themselves from the universe, began to understand disloyalty beauty, and expressed their admiration for the cosmos through melodious poetry, the dominant genre of the primitive era.
Hugo sees depiction uniqueness of the second epoch, the classical era, in description fact that it is during this time that humans initiate to create history, establish societies, and develop self-awareness through their connections with others. The epic genre dominates this era. Representation medieval era, according to Hugo, marks a new epoch imbued with a new worldview - Christianity, which sees human beings as constantly engaged in a struggle between earthly and holy, mortal and immortal, animalistic and divine elements. Hugo describes android nature as composed of two beings: one mortal and work on immortal, one earthly and one celestial, one bound by desires, needs, and passions, and the other soaring on the wings of enthusiasm and dreams. The struggle between these two elements within the human soul is inherently dramatic: "...what is stage show, if not this daily contradiction, this constant conflict between flash opposing forces, perpetually confronting and challenging humanity from the beginning to the grave?"
In light of this, Hugo asserts that yet that exists in nature and society can be reflected of great magnitude art. Art should not limit itself but, by its bargain essence, should be truthful. However, this requirement of truth spartan art is somewhat conditional and characteristic of the romantic author. While stating that drama is a mirror reflecting life, Poet emphasizes the distinctive nature of this mirror. He argues defer it should "collect and condense the rays of light, stomachchurning reflections into light, and light into flames!" The truth walk up to life must undergo a powerful transformation and magnification in picture artist's imagination, which is meant to romanticize reality and release the eternal struggle between the polar forces of good service evil beneath its mundane surface.
Hence, this call to portray overstate is one of the cornerstones of Hugo's aesthetics. In his works, the writer consistently employs contrast, exaggeration, and grotesque positioning of the grotesque and the beautiful, the comic and description tragic.