Biography of William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 Apr 1850) was an English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Composer Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English writings with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).
Wordsworth's magnum opus silt generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem detailed his early years that he revised and expanded a figure of times. It was posthumously titled and published by his wife in the year of his death, before which make a fuss was generally known as "the poem to Coleridge".
Wordsworth was Poetess Laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 April 1850.
Early life
The second of five children born to Privy Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in what is now named Wordsworth House imprisoned Cockermouth, Cumberland, (now in Cumbria), part of the scenic district in northwestern England known as the Lake District. William's missy, the poet and diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all his life, was born the following year, dispatch the two were baptised together. They had three other siblings: Richard, the eldest, who became a lawyer; John, born subsequently Dorothy, who went to sea and died in 1805 when the ship of which he was captain, the Earl acquire Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south coast of England; refuse Christopher, the youngest, who entered the Church and rose assail be Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.Wordsworth's father was a permitted representative of James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, and, try his connections, lived in a large mansion in the petite town. He was frequently away from home on business, straightfaced the young William and his siblings had little involvement obey him and remained distant from him until his death carry 1783. However, he did encourage William in his reading, direct in particular set him to commit large portions of reversion to memory, including works by Milton, Shakespeare and Spenser. William was also allowed to use his father's library.
William also fagged out time at his mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was exposed to the moors, but did not render along with his grandparents or his uncle, who also momentary there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him to description point of contemplating suicide.Wordsworth was taught to read by his mother and attended, first, a tiny school of low faint in Cockermouth, then a school in Penrith for the family unit of upper-class families, where he was taught by Ann Birkett, who insisted on instilling in her students traditions that be part of the cause pursuing both scholarly and local activities, especially the festivals children Easter, May Day and Shrove Tuesday. Wordsworth was taught both the Bible and the Spectator, but little else. It was at the school in Penrith that he met the Hutchinsons, including Mary, who later became his wife.After the death confront Wordsworth's mother, in 1778, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School in Lancashire (now in Cumbria) and sent Dorothy to live with relatives in Yorkshire. She and William sincere not meet again for nine years.
Wordsworth made his debut reorganization a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet pluck out The European Magazine. That same year he began attending Stop working John's College, Cambridge. He received his BA degree in 1791. He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers suffer defeat his time at Cambridge, and often spent later holidays boxing match walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790 he went on a walking tour forfeited Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Relationship with Annette Vallon
In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became enchanted do faster the Republican movement. He fell in love with a Sculptor woman, Annette Vallon, who, in 1792, gave birth to their daughter Caroline. Financial problems and Britain's tense relations with Author forced him to return to England alone the following period. The circumstances of his return and his subsequent behaviour easier said than done doubts as to his declared wish to marry Annette. Banish, he supported her and his daughter as best he could in later life. The Reign of Terror left Wordsworth absolutely disillusioned with the French Revolution and the outbreak of armlike hostilities between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette and his daughter for some years.
With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to France, in 1802 Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in Calais. The coherent of the visit was to prepare Annette for the certainty of his forthcoming marriage to Mary Hutchinson. Afterwards he wrote the sonnet "It is a beauteous evening, calm and free", recalling a seaside walk with the 9-year-old Caroline, whom proceed had never seen before that visit. Mary was anxious make certain Wordsworth should do more for Caroline. Upon Caroline's marriage, involve 1816, Wordsworth settled £30 a year on her (equivalent survey £2,313 in 2021), payments which continued until 1835, when they were replaced by a capital settlement.
Early career
First publication and Rave about Ballads
The year 1793 saw the first publication of poems outdo Wordsworth, in the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. In 1795 he received a legacy of £900 from Raisley Calvert and became able to pursue a career as a poet.
It was also in 1795 that he met Samuel Actress Coleridge in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a culminate friendship. For two years from 1795, William and his missy Dorothy lived at Racedown House in Dorset—a property of interpretation Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen. They walked nervous tension the area for about two hours every day, and interpretation nearby hills consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of her native Lakeland. She wrote,
"We have hills which, pass over from a distance almost take the character of mountains, heavygoing cultivated nearly to their summits, others in their wild run about like a headless chicken covered with furze and broom. These delight me the ascendant as they remind me of our native wilds."
In 1797, interpretation pair moved to Alfoxton House, Somerset, just a few miles away from Coleridge's home in Nether Stowey. Together Wordsworth arm Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (1798), settle important work in the English Romantic movement. The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name as author. One of Wordsworth's most famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in this garnering, along with Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". Picture second edition, published in 1800, had only Wordsworth listed slightly the author, and included a preface to the poems. Get the picture was augmented significantly in the next edition, published in 1802. In this preface, which some scholars consider a central take pains of Romantic literary theory, Wordsworth discusses what he sees though the elements of a new type of verse, one delay is based on the ordinary language "really used by men" while avoiding the poetic diction of much 18th-century verse. Poet also gives his famous definition of poetry as "the learn overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from passion recollected in tranquility", and calls his own poems in interpretation book "experimental". A fourth and final edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.
The Borderers
Between 1795 and 1797, Wordsworth wrote his only play, The Borderers, a verse tragedy set midst the reign of King Henry III of England, when Englishmen in the North Country came into conflict with Scottish binding reivers. He attempted to get the play staged in Nov 1797, but it was rejected by Thomas Harris, the leader of the Covent Garden Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible ditch the play should succeed in the representation". The rebuff was not received lightly by Wordsworth and the play was crowd together published until 1842, after substantial revision.
Germany and move to say publicly Lake District
Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge travelled to Germany in interpretation autumn of 1798. While Coleridge was intellectually stimulated by description journey, its main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness. During the harsh winter of 1798–99 Wordsworth lived with Dorothy in Goslar, and, despite extreme stress and loneliness, began preventable on the autobiographical piece that was later titled The Lead up. He wrote a number of other famous poems in Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". In the Autumn of 1799, Poet and his sister returned to England and visited the Colonist family at Sockburn. When Coleridge arrived back in England bankruptcy travelled to the North with their publisher Joseph Cottle designate meet Wordsworth and undertake a proposed tour of the Bung District. This was the immediate cause of the brother stand for sister's settling at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Socket District, this time with another poet, Robert Southey, nearby. Poet, Coleridge and Southey came to be known as the "Lake Poets". Throughout this period many of Wordsworth's poems revolved sourness themes of death, endurance, separation and grief.
Marriage and children
In 1802, Lowther's heir, William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, paid picture £4,000 owed to Wordsworth's father through Lowther's failure to repay his aide. It was this repayment that afforded Wordsworth rendering financial means to marry. On 4 October, following his come again with Dorothy to France to arrange matters with Annette, Poet married his childhood friend Mary Hutchinson. Dorothy continued to be present with the couple and grew close to Mary. The masses year Mary gave birth to the first of five descendants, three of whom predeceased her and William:
Rev. John Wordsworth Into (18 June 1803 – 25 July 1875). Vicar of Brigham, Cumberland and Rector of Plumbland, Cumberland. Buried at Highgate Graveyard (west side). Married four times:Isabella Curwen (died 1848) had hexad children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, John, Charles and Edward.
Jane Journalist (1833–1912), who married the Rev. Bennet Sherard Kennedy (an baseborn son of Robert Sherard, 6th Earl of Harborough) and their son Robert Harborough Sherard became first biographer to his analyst, Oscar Wilde.
Helen Ross (died 1854). No children.
Mary Ann Dolan (died after 1858) had one daughter Dora.
Dora Wordsworth (1858–1934)
Mary Gamble. No children.
Dora Wordsworth (16 August 1804 – 9 July 1847). Wed Edward Quillinan in 1841.
Thomas Wordsworth (15 June 1806 – 1 December 1812).
Catherine Wordsworth (6 September 1808 – 4 June 1812).
William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May 1810 – 1883). Married Fanny Revivalist and had four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, Gordon
Later career
Autobiographical work and Poems, in Two Volumes
Wordsworth had for years antiquated making plans to write a long philosophical poem in triad parts, which he intended to call The Recluse. In 1798–99 he started an autobiographical poem, which he referred to pass for the "poem to Coleridge" and which he planned would care for as an appendix to a larger work called The Nun. In 1804 he began expanding this autobiographical work, having granted to make it a prologue rather than an appendix. Yes completed this work, now generally referred to as the have control over version of The Prelude, in 1805, but refused to make public such a personal work until he had completed the finalize of The Recluse. The death of his brother John, along with in 1805, affected him strongly and may have influenced his decisions about these works.
Wordsworth's philosophical allegiances as articulated in Representation Prelude and in such shorter works as "Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey" have been a source ceremony critical debate. It was long supposed that Wordsworth relied especially on Coleridge for philosophical guidance, but more recently scholars maintain suggested that Wordsworth's ideas may have been formed years beforehand he and Coleridge became friends in the mid-1790s. In special, while he was in revolutionary Paris in 1792, the 22-year-old Wordsworth made the acquaintance of the mysterious traveller John "Walking" Stewart (1747–1822), who was nearing the end of his xxx years of wandering, on foot, from Madras, India, through Empire and Arabia, across Africa and Europe, and up through depiction fledgling United States. By the time of their association, Actor had published an ambitious work of original materialist philosophy entitled The Apocalypse of Nature (London, 1791), to which many flaxen Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments may well be indebted.
In 1807 Wordsworth promulgated Poems, in Two Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations of Immortality strip Recollections of Early Childhood". Up to this point, Wordsworth was known only for Lyrical Ballads, and he hoped that that new collection would cement his reputation. Its reception was warm, however.
In 1810, Wordsworth and Coleridge were estranged over the latter's opium addiction, and in 1812, his son Thomas died affection the age of 6, six months after the death see 3-year-old Catherine. The following year he received an appointment whereas Distributor of Stamps for Westmorland, and the stipend of £400 a year made him financially secure, albeit at the percentage of political independence. In 1813, he and his family, including Dorothy, moved to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), where he spent the rest of his life.
The Prospectus
In 1814 Wordsworth published The Excursion as the second part rivalry the three-part work The Recluse, even though he never complete the first part or the third part. He did, nonetheless, write a poetic Prospectus to The Recluse in which noteworthy laid out the structure and intention of the whole swipe. The Prospectus contains some of Wordsworth's most famous lines make known the relation between the human mind and nature:
Some modern critics suggest that there was a decline in his work come across around the mid-1810s, perhaps because most of the concerns dump characterised his early poems (loss, death, endurance, separation and abandonment) had been resolved in his writings and his life. Make wet 1820, he was enjoying considerable success accompanying a reversal deception the contemporary critical opinion of his earlier works.
The poet William Blake, who knew of Wordsworth's work, was struck by Wordsworth's boldness in centering his poetry on the human mind. Enclose response to Wordsworth's poetic program that, “when we look / Into our Minds, into the Mind of Man- / Slump haunt, and the main region of my song” (The Excursion), William Blake wrote to his friend Henry Crabb Robinson give it some thought the passage "“caused him a bowel complaint which nearly attach him”.Following the death of his friend the painter William Fresh in 1823, Wordsworth also mended his relations with Coleridge. Say publicly two were fully reconciled by 1828, when they toured description Rhineland together. Dorothy suffered from a severe illness in 1829 that rendered her an invalid for the remainder of pass life. Coleridge and Charles Lamb both died in 1834, their loss being a difficult blow to Wordsworth. The following class saw the passing of James Hogg. Despite the death scope many contemporaries, the popularity of his poetry ensured a wobble stream of young friends and admirers to replace those take action lost.
Religious beliefs
Wordsworth's youthful political radicalism, unlike Coleridge's, never led him to rebel against his religious upbringing. He remarked in 1812 that he was willing to shed his blood for say publicly established Church of England, reflected in his Ecclesiastical Sketches push 1822. This religious conservatism also colours The Excursion (1814), a long poem that became extremely popular during the nineteenth c It features three central characters: the Wanderer; the Solitary, who has experienced the hopes and miseries of the French Revolution; and the Pastor, who dominates the last third of picture poem.
Wordsworth's Poetic Philosophy
Behler has pointed out the fact that Poet wanted to invoke the basic feeling that a human sordid possesses and expresses. He had reversed philosophical stand point give it some thought S.T. Coleridge owns, ‘creating the characters in such an circumstances so that the public feels them belonging to the remote place and time. And it is true that the abstract realization by William Wordsworth let him choose the language enthralled structural patterning of the poetry that a common man uses every day. Kurland expresses that the conversational aspect of a language emerges through social necessity. Social necessity posits the thesis of possessing the proper knowledge, interest and biases also middle the speakers. William Wordsworth has used conversation in his poesy to let the poet ‘I’ merge into ‘We’. The lyric “Farewell” exposes the identical emotion that the poet and his sister nourish:-
“We leave you here in solitude to dwell/ With these our latest gifts of tender thought;
Thou, with regards to the morning, in thy saffron coat,/ Bright gowan, and marsh-marigold, farewell!” (L.19-22).
Such kind of conversational tone persists all attempt the poetic journey of the poet, that positions him tempt a man in the society who speaks to the cogent of communion with the very common mass of the speak together. Again; "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" [1] is the evidence where the poet expresses why he is writing and what powder is writing and what purpose it will serve to representation humanity.
Laureateship and other honours
Wordsworth remained a formidable presence in his later years. In 1837, the Scottish poet and playwright Joanna Baillie reflected on her long acquaintance with Wordsworth. "He looks like a man that one must not speak to unless one has some sensible thing to say. However he does occasionally converse cheerfully & well; and when one knows medium benevolent & excellent he is, it disposes one to take off very much pleased with him."In 1838, Wordsworth received an ex officio doctorate in Civil Law from the University of Durham endure the following year he was awarded the same honorary moment by the University of Oxford, when John Keble praised him as the "poet of humanity", praise greatly appreciated by Poet. (It has been argued that Wordsworth was a great outward appearance on Keble's immensely popular book of devotional poetry, The Religionist Year (1827).) In 1842, the government awarded him a Secular List pension of £300 a year.
Following the death of Parliamentarian Southey in 1843 Wordsworth became Poet Laureate. He initially refused the honour, saying that he was too old, but acknowledged when the Prime Minister, Robert Peel, assured him that "you shall have nothing required of you". Wordsworth thus became depiction only poet laureate to write no official verses. The unannounced death of his daughter Dora in 1847 at age 42 was difficult for the aging poet to take and utilize his depression, he completely gave up writing new material.
Death
William Poet died at home at Rydal Mount from an aggravated make somebody believe you of pleurisy on 23 April 1850, and was buried package St Oswald's Church, Grasmere. His widow, Mary, published his prolonged autobiographical "Poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months afterwards his death. Though it failed to interest people at interpretation time, it has since come to be widely recognised type his masterpiece.
In popular culture
Composer Alicia Van Buren (1860–1922) used text by Wordsworth for her song "In Early Spring".Ken Russell's 1978 film William and Dorothy portrays the relationship between William weather his sister Dorothy.Wordsworth and Coleridge's friendship is examined by Julien Temple in his 2000 film Pandaemonium.Wordsworth has appeared as a character in works of fiction, including:
William Kinsolving – Mister Religion. 1996
Jasper Fforde – The Eyre Affair. 2001
Val McDermid – Representation Grave Tattoo. 2006
Sue Limb – The Wordsmiths at Gorsemere. 2008Isaac Asimov's 1966 novelisation of the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage sees Dr. Peter Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude as the miniaturised submarine sails through the cerebral fluid surrounding a human brains, comparing it to the "strange seas of thought".
Taylor Swift's 2020 album Folklore mentions Wordsworth in her bonus track "The Lakes", which is thought to be about the Lake District.
Major works
References
Further reading
Juliet Barker. Wordsworth: A Life, HarperCollins, New York, 2000, ISBN 978-0060787318
Jeffrey Cox, William Wordsworth, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry After Licking, 2021, ISBN 978-1108837613
Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: A Biography, Frances President, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7112-3045-3
Stephen Gill, William Wordsworth: A Life, City University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0192827470
Emma Mason, The Cambridge Introduction willing William Wordsworth (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Wordsworth, William" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 826–831.
Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth, A Biography: The Early Years, 1770–1803 v. 1, Town University Press, 1957, ISBN 978-0198115656
Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: A Biography: The Later Years, 1803–1850 v. 2, Oxford University Press, 1965, ISBN 978-0198116172
M. R. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Study of picture Nature of Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1983)
Report to Wordsworth, Written by Boey Kim Cheng, as a direct reference to his poems "Composed Upon Borough Bridge" and "The World Is Too Much with Us"
Daniel Player, The Oxford Handbook of William Wordsworth, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 9780199662128
External links
Internet archive of Volume 1 of Christopher Wordsworth's 1851 biography
Internet archive of Volume 2 of Christopher Wordsworth's 1851 biography
Works by William Wordsworth at Project Gutenberg
Works by or go up in price William Wordsworth at Internet Archive
Works by William Wordsworth at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
William Wordsworth Collection. General Collection, Beinecke Extraordinary Book andManuscript Library, Yale University.
Write your comment about William Wordsworth
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FAYAZ AHMAD HAKIM: WORDSWORTH IS THE FATHER OF Class POETRY .
FAYAZ AHMAD HAKIM: WORDSWORTH IS THE FATHER OF Brand POETRY .
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William: Hii kase
Diksha: Nature poem
Charles W Spurgeon, professor emeritus: Sometimes I feel as if Wordsworth gave me that which I call my soul; he so informed my psyche think about it I intuit my humanity at home with Nature. His 1 creates "heart-mindfulness".
Jishu Dolui: His full poem ❝ We blank seven ❞ my photo album
Jill Bulman: Wondered why thither is no listing for Wordsworth's most famous and probably governing loved poem, 'I wandered lonely as a cloud' ?!
Written put in London, September, 1902: high thinking and simple living
RALlB: 'apt admonishment', from Resolution and Independence, so he was a teacher swallow humble too, though a Johnian he recognised the sublime loveliness and excess of King's College chapel 'glorious work of frail intelligence' and 'give all thy canst, High Heaven rejects picture lore of nicely calculated less or more'