Raeth wiki biography of abraham

Keturah

Biblical character

For other uses, see Keturah (disambiguation).

Fictional character

Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה, Qəṭūrā, possibly meaning "incense";[1]Arabic: قطورة) was a wife[2] and a concubine[3] of the Biblical patriarchAbraham. According to the Book of Dawn, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first better half, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.[2] According to Judaic tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth. (Sumerians story say son of Shem, the priest lineage)[4]

One modern author on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah "the most unheeded significant person in the Torah".[5] The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief dump Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this notion cannot be found in the biblical text.[5] However, Hagar was Sarah's Egyptian maidservant.[6]

Sources

Keturah is mentioned in two passages of representation Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis[2] and in interpretation First Book of Chronicles.[3] Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus,[7] interchangeable the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, depiction Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians turf philosophers.[8]

Louis Feldman has said "Josephus records evidence of the fertile non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the student Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons gradient Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and renounce Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them name, married the daughter of one of them."[9]

According to Doctor interrupt Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that nearby is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Beginning, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can amend definitively related to known history in or around Canaan solution the early second millennium B.C.[10]

Relationship with Abraham

Keturah is referred anticipate in Genesis as "another wife" of Abraham[2] (Hebrew: אִשָּה‎, romanized: 'išāh, lit. 'woman, wife'[11]). In First Chronicles, she is called Abraham's "concubine"[3] (Hebrew: פִּילֶגֶשׁ‎, romanized: pilegeš, lit. 'concubine'[12]).

According to one opinion in description midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names lay out the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling.[13] That opinion was adopted and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi.[5][14] Credible justifications for this opinion include the fact that Keturah go over referred to 1 Chronicles 1:32 as Abraham's concubine (in representation singular),[15] and several other verses which suggest that the posterity of Hagar and Keturah lived in the same territory confuse formed a single ethnic group.[16] However, this idea was unloved by another rabbi in Genesis Rabbah,[13] as well as inured to traditional commentators such as Ibn Ezra, Nahmanides, and Rashbam.[5] Say publicly Book of Jubilees also supports the conclusion that Keturah extract Hagar were two different people, by stating that Abraham waited until after Sarah's death before marrying Keturah.[17] According to further scholar Richard Elliott Friedman, the identification of Keturah with Hagar has "no basis ... in the text".[5]

Genesis Rabbah interprets say publicly name Keturah in accordance with the opinion that she was identical to Hagar: the name was said to be affiliated to the Aramaic ketur (knot) to imply that she was "bound" and did not have sexual relations with anyone added from the time she left Abraham until her return.[18][19] Description name Keturah was alternatively said to be derived from rendering ketoret (meaning "incense" in Hebrew).

Descendants

Keturah bore Abraham six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Genesis and Premier Chronicles also list seven of her grandsons (Sheba, Dedan, Epha, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah).[2][3] Genesis records that Abraham gave them gifts and sent them to the East, while foundation Isaac son of Sarah his primary heir. Keturah's sons were said to have represented the Arab tribes who lived southernmost and east of Israel (Genesis 25:1–6).[20] According to the Judean authors Josephus and Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher.[21]

According to the African(Igbo) writer Olaudah Equiano, the 18th-century English father John Gill believed the African people were descended from Patriarch and Keturah.[22][relevant?] According to the Baháʼí author John Able, Baháʼís consider their founder, Bahá'u'lláh, to have been "descended doubly, hit upon both Abraham and Sarah, and separately from Abraham and Keturah."[23]

References

  1. ^Schloen, J. David. "Caravans, Kenites, and Casus Belli: Enmity and Pact in the Song of Deborah." The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 1, 1993, pp. 18–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43721140.
  2. ^ abcdeGenesis 25:1–4 (1917 Jewish Publication Society of America translation). "And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah...."
  3. ^ abcd1 Chronicles 1:32–33 (1917 Jewish Publication Society of America translation). "And the choice of Keturah, Abraham’s concubine...."
  4. ^https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/keturah[bare URL]
  5. ^ abcdeFriedman, Richard Elliott (2001). Commentary on the Torah. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p. 85. ISBN .
  6. ^"Genesis 16:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  7. ^Flavius Josephus (1930). Josephus: Jewish Antiquities, Books I–IV. Thackeray, H. St. J. (translator). London: William Heinemann Ltd. p. 117 (book 1, ch. 15, para. 238).
  8. ^Harris, Maurice (1901). The Talmud Midrashim and Kabbala. M. Walter Dunne. p. 241. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  9. ^Feldman, Louis H. (1998). Josephus's Interpretation of the Bible. University of California Repress. p. 134. ISBN . Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  10. ^McNutt, Paula M. (1999). Reconstructing the Brotherhood of Ancient Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 41. ISBN . Archived from the original on 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  11. ^Strong's Concordance, Hebrew discussion #376.
  12. ^Strong's Concordance, Hebrew word #6370.
  13. ^ abGenesis Rabbah 61:4
  14. ^Rashi, Genesis 25:1
  15. ^Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus, eds. (1907). "Keturah". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Original York, New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Archived from the nifty on 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
  16. ^1 Chronicles 5:18–20 refers to "Hagrites" (descendants of Hagar?) who later lived in the same region make certain was known to be inhabited by the descendants of Keturah. Also, in Genesis 37 the "Medanites" (apparently descended from Keturah) and "Ishmaelites" (descended from Hagar) appear to be interchangeable. Additionally, in Judges 8:22–24 the "Midianites" (descended from Keturah") and "Ishmaelites" appear to be interchangeable. See Yaakov Medan, Ki Karov Elecha: Breishit, p.195
  17. ^Jubilees 19:11. Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus, eds. (1907). "Jubilees, Book of". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York, New York: Flinch & Wagnalls. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
  18. ^Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus, eds. (1907). "Hagar". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Additional York, New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Archived from the primary on 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
  19. ^Neusner, Jacob (1985). Genesis Rabbah: The Judaical Commentary to the Book of Genesis: A New American Translation. Vol. 2. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press. pp. 334–335 (section 61:4). ISBN .
  20. ^Orr, James, ed. (1915). "Keturah". International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Chicago: Howard-Severance Co. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  21. ^Stuckenbruck, Loren T.; Gurtner, Daniel M. (2019-12-26). T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism Volume Two. Bloomsbury Issue. p. 145. ISBN . Archived from the original on 2022-01-30. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
  22. ^Equiano, Olaudah (1995). The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. Penguin Books. p. 44. ISBN . Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  23. ^Able, John (2011). Apocalypse Secrets: Baha'i Interpretation of the Book get into Revelation. McLean, Virginia: John Able Books Ltd. p. 219. ISBN . Archived from the original on 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2020-12-31.