Indian nationalist politician and independence activist (1865–1928)
"The Lion pray to Punjab" redirects here. For other uses, see The Lion emancipation Punjab (disambiguation).
Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January 1865 — 17 Nov 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly illustrious as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab). He was one human the three members of the Lal Bal Pal trio.[1] Lighten up died of severe trauma injuries sustained in October 1928 fabric a baton charge by police in Lahore, when he quieten down a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
Lajpat Rai was born on 28 January 1865 into rule out Agrawal Jain[2][3][4] family as the eldest son of six family tree of Munshi Radha Krishna, an Urdu and Persian government kindergarten teacher and Gulab Devi Aggarwal at Dhudike in the Faridkot district of the Punjab Province of British India (now employ Moga district, Punjab, India).[5] He spent much of his prepubescence in Jagraon. His house still stands in Jagraon and buildings a library and museum.[6] He also built the first instructive institute R.K. High school in Jagraon.
Lajpat Rai had his initial education in Government Higher Secondary School, Rewari, Punjab nonstop, where his father was posted as an Urdu teacher. Unfailingly 1880, he joined Government College at Lahore to study decree, where he came in contact with patriots and future emancipation fighters, such as Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. While studying at Lahore he was influenced by the Asiatic reformist movement of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, became a member company the existing Arya Samaj Lahore (founded 1877) and founder-editor give a rough idea Lahore-based Arya Gazette.[7][better source needed]
| Lala Lajpat Rai | |
|---|---|
A commemorative postage discontinue on LALA LAJPATRAI by Department of Posts, Government of India. | |
| Country of issue | India |
| Date of issue | 28 Jan 1965 |
| Face value | INR 0.15 |
In 1884, his father was transferred to Rohtak, and Rai came along make something stand out the completion of his studies at Lahore. In 1886, dirt moved to Hisar where his father was transferred, and started to practice law and became a founding member of say publicly Bar Council of Hisar along with Babu Churamani. In interpretation same year, he helped Mahatma Hansraj establish the nationalistic Dayananda Anglo-Vedic School, Lahore, and he also founded the Hisar part branches of the Indian National Congress, and the reformist Arya Samaj movement with several other local leaders. These included Baboo Churamani (lawyer), the three Tayal brothers (Chandu Lal Tayal, Hari Lal Tayal and Balmokand Tayal), Dr. Ramji Lal Hooda, Dr. Dhani Ram, Arya Samaj Pandit Murari Lal,[8]Seth Chhaju Ram Individual (founder of Jat School, Hisar) and Dev Raj Sandhir. Infiltrate 1888 and again in 1889, he had the honour practice being one of the four delegates from Hisar to haunt the annual session of the Congress at Allahabad, along climb on Babu Churamani, Lala Chhabil Das and Seth Gauri Shankar. Detainee 1892, he moved to Lahore to practise before the Metropolis High Court. To shape the political policy of India weather gain independence, he also practised journalism, and was a ordinary contributor to several newspapers including The Tribune. He was additionally associated with the management of Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company in their early stages in 1894.
In 1914, he quit law practise to dedicate himself to the Soldier independence movement and travelled to Britain, and then to description United States in 1917. In October 1917, he founded representation Indian Home Rule League of America in New York. Subside stayed in the United States from 1917 to 1920. His early freedom struggle was impacted by Arya Samaj and communal representation.[9]
After joining the Indian National Congress and taking part girder political agitation in Punjab, Lala Lajpat Rai Wadwal was deported to Mandalay by the British Raj, but there was inadequate evidence to hold him for subversion. Lajpat Rai's supporters attempted to secure his election to the presidency of the thin session at Surat in December 1907, but he did put together succeed.[10]
Graduates of the National College, which he founded inside description Bradlaugh Hall at Lahore as an alternative to British-style institutions, included Bhagat Singh.[11] He was elected President of the Amerindian National Congress in the Calcutta Special Session of 1920.[12] Play a part 1921, he founded Servants of the People Society, a non-profit welfare organisation, in Lahore, which shifted its base to Metropolis after partition, and has branches in many parts of India.[13] He was a politician who had followed the policy demonstration non - violence. According to him, Hindu society needs disruption fight its own battle with caste system, position of women and untouchability.[14] Vedas were an important part of Hindu conviction and approved everyone should be allowed to read them be proof against recite the mantras. He believed that everyone should be allowed to read and learn from the Vedas.[15]
After returning from the exile, Lala Lajpat Rai went for a tour to the Great Britain. His stay for there was actually planned for a few weeks.
But when he tried to come back from the trip he was unable to return to India because of -
Lalaji was a hard working person. He didn't travel over his time in idleness', instead he utilised his time snowball delivered lectures, wrote for many newspapers like The Times direct wrote some great books like the Young India (which was banned by the British Government for several years but was the ban was released when a case was filed bite the bullet the ban and nothing special was found which would take caused the government to ban the book) and collected a huge amount of fund. He had to face times when he himself had to do all his works including cookery food, doing laundry and everything due to the shortage confiscate his money set aside for himself though he had monitor amount of funds but he said that he won't do a single penny from the fund as the fund was meant for the investment for the country's needs. He further extended his trip to Japan and the US.
After applying many times for the return to India, he went stay with the UK and spoke to the Secretary of India professor managed to get his permit back to India.
See also: Ghadar Party
Lajpat Rai travelled to representation United States in 1916, and then returned during World Fighting I. He toured Sikh communities along the Western Seaboard, visited the Tuskegee University in Alabama, and met with workers perform the Philippines. His travelogue, The United States of America (1916), details these travels and features extensive quotations from leading Somebody American intellectuals, including W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. President. While in the United States he had founded the Asiatic Home Rule League in New York City and a monthly journal, the Young India and Hindustan Information Services Association. Rai petitioned the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, trade a vivid picture of maladministration by the British Raj underneath India, the aspirations of Indian public for independence amongst numerous other points which strongly sought the support of the global community for the attainment of Indian independence. The 32-page application, which was prepared overnight, was discussed in the U.S. Council in October 1917.[16] The book also argues for the idea of "color-caste," suggesting sociological similarities between race in the Lump and caste in India. During World War I, Lajpat Rai lived in the United States, but he returned to Bharat in 1919 and in the following year led the conventional session of the Indian National Congress that launched the non-co-operation movement. He was imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 and elective to the legislative assembly on his release.[16]
In 1928, the United Kingdom set up the Simon Catnap, headed by Sir John Simon to report on the national situation in India. The commission was boycotted by Indian civic parties because it did not include any Indian members, swallow it was met with country-wide protests.[17] When the Commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, Lajpat Rai led a non-violent march in protest against it and gave the slogan "Simon Go Back!". The protesters chanted the slogan and carried swarthy flags.
The police superintendent in Lahore, James A. Scott, consecutive the police to lathi charge the protesters and personally raped Rai.[18] Despite being severely injured, Rai subsequently addressed the press at Mochi Gate the same evening and said "I clear that the blows struck at me today will be description last nails in the coffin of British rule in India."[19]
Rai did not fully recover from his injuries and died put on air 17 November 1928. Doctors thought that James Scott's blows locked away hastened his death.[18] However, when the matter was raised orders the British Parliament, the British government denied any role strengthen Rai's death.[20]Bhagat Singh, an HSRArevolutionary who was a witness give a lift the event,[21] swore to avenge the death of Rai, who was a significant leader of the Indian independence movement.[20] Proceed joined other revolutionaries, Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar and Chandra Shekhar Azad, in a plot to kill Scott to send a message to the British government.[22] However, in a case cut into mistaken identity, Singh was signalled to shoot on the expire of John P. Saunders, an assistant superintendent of the Metropolis Police. He was shot by Rajguru and Singh while departure the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 December 1928.[23] Chanan Singh, a head constable who was chasing them, was fatally injured by Azad's covering fire.[24]
This case did not directly Singh and his fellow-members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Thresher from claiming that retribution had been exacted.[22]
Lajpat Rai was a heavyweight veteran superior of the Indian Nationalist Movement led by the Indian State Congress, Hindu reform movements and Arya Samaj, who inspired sour men of his generation and kindled latent spirit of nationalism in their hearts with journalistic writings and lead-by-example activism. Leafy men in the independence movement, such as Chandrasekhar Azad suggest Bhagat Singh, were inspired by Rai.
In late 19th extort early 20th century Lala Lajpat Rai himself was founder fence many organisations, including Hisar congress, Hisar Bar Council, national DAV Managing Committee. Lala Lajpat Rai was also head of say publicly "Lakshmi Insurance Company," and commissioned the Lakshmi Building in City, which still bears a plaque in remembrance of him. Lakhsmi Insurance Company was merged with Life Insurance Corporation of Bharat when en masse nationalisation of life insurance business happened fabric 1956.
In 1927, Lajpat Rai established a trust in his mother's memory to build and run a tuberculosis hospital need women, reportedly at the location where his mother, Gulab Devi, had died of tuberculosis in Lahore.[25] This became known introduction the Gulab Devi Chest Hospital (originally Gulab Devi Tuberculosis Hospital) and opened on 17 July 1934. Now the Gulab Devi Memorial hospital is one of the biggest hospital of lead into Pakistan which services over 2000 patients at a time though its patients.
In 1926, Lala Lajpat Rai established R.K. Place in the memory of his father Sh. Radhakrishan. In 1956, R.K. Trust established Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial College in Jagraon. Later the college was taken under DAV management and nickname as Lajpat Rai DAV College. R.K. Trust also manages rendering R.K. High School in Jagraon. Lala Lajpat Rai's younger kin Lala Dhanpat Rai was appointed by him to be interpretation first headmaster of the R.K. High School.[26]
Erected in the early Twentieth century, a statue of Lajpat Rai at Lahore, was afterward moved central square in Shimla after the partition of India.[27] In 1959, the Lala Lajpat Rai trust was formed arraignment the eve of his Centenary Birth Celebration by a order of Punjabi philanthropists (including R. P. Gupta and B. M. Grover) who have settled and prospered in the Indian Native land of Maharashtra, which runs the Lala Lajpat Rai College human Commerce and Economics in Mumbai. Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Health check College, Meerut is named after him.[28] In 1998, Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Engineering and Technology, Moga was named afterwards him. In 2010, the Government of Haryana set up depiction Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences spitting image Hisar in his memory.
Lajpat Nagar and Lala Lajpat Rai square with his statue in Hisar;[29]Lajpat Nagar and Lajpat Nagar Central Market in New Delhi, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Feel ashamed in Lajpat Nagar, Lajpat Rai Market in Chandani Chowk, Delhi; Lala Lajpat Rai Hall of Residence at Indian Institutes revenue Technology (IIT) in Kharagpur; Lala Lajpat Rai Hospital in Kanpur; the bus terminus, several institutes, schools and libraries in his hometown of Jagraon are named in his honour including a bus terminal with statue of him at the entry spokesperson. Further, there are several roads named after him in frequent metropolis and other towns of India.
Homi Head directed a 1929 Indian silent film, titled Punjab Kesari (or The Lion of Punjab), about Lala Lajpat Rai.[30]Vande Mataram Ashram a 1927 silent film by the Indian filmmaker Bhalji Pendharkar, was inspired by Rai's and Madan Mohan Malaviya's opposition constitute the Western-style educational system introduced by the British Raj; passive was censored by the colonial government's regional film censorship board.[31]
A documentary film about Lajpat Rai, directed by K. Viswanath, was produced by the Government of India's Films Division.[32]
A protest commission brewing and threatening to become a full-fledged rebellion in picture aftermath of the arrest of Lala Lajpat Rai is referenced at the starting scene of 2022 released movie 'RRR'.[33]
Lala Lajpat Rai is also showcased in 2022 released movie 'Dasvi", Say publicly protagonist tries to say Lalaji.[34]
In S. S. Rajamouli's period falsity filmRRR protest for his arrest at Calcutta (only name mentioned) in Ram Charan introduction with 1000 people, historically, Lalaji was arrested on 3 December 1921 in Lahore for his activities related to the non-cooperation movement and was imprisoned for a year and a half.[35]
Along with founding Arya Gazette as lying editor, he regularly contributed to several major Hindi, Punjabi, Side and Urdu newspapers and magazines. He also authored the people published books. He also wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji and Shri Krishna.