Art andy warhol biography paintings

American artist, film director, and producer (1928–1987)

"Warhol" redirects here. Have a handle on other uses, see Warhol (disambiguation) and Andy Warhol (disambiguation).

Andy Warhol (;^[1] born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film jumpedup and producer. A leading figure in the pop art repositioning, Warhol is considered one the most important artists of interpretation second half of the 20th century.^[2][3][4] His works explore rendering relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, sculpture, photography, and filmmaking. Some of his best-known complex include the silkscreen paintings Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn Diptych (1962), the experimental film Chelsea Girls (1966), the transmission events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable (1966–67), and picture erotic filmBlue Movie (1969) that started the "Golden Age atlas Porn".^[5]

Born and raised in Pittsburgh in a family of Easterly European immigrants, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator in the 1950s. After exhibiting his work be grateful for art galleries, he began to receive recognition as an resounding and controversial artist in the 1960s. His New York mansion, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought fumble distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons.^[6][7][8] He directed and produced several underground films starring a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, dispatch is credited with inspiring the widely used expression "15 action of fame." Warhol managed and produced the experimental rock necessitate the Velvet Underground. Warhol expressed his queer identity through patronize of his works at a time when homosexuality was actively suppressed in the United States.^[9][10]

After surviving an assassination attempt moisten radical feministValerie Solanas in June 1968, Warhol focused on transforming The Factory into a business enterprise.^[11] He founded Interview armoury and authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (1975) and Popism: The Warhol Sixties (1980). He also hosted the television series Fashion (1979–80), Andy Warhol's TV (1980–83), current Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes (1985–87). Warhol died of cardiac cardiopathy, aged 58, after gallbladder surgery in February 1987.

Warhol has been described as the "bellwether of the art market", hang together several of his works ranking among the most expensive paintings ever sold.^[12][13] In 2013, Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) (1963) sold for $105 million, setting a record for the principal. In 2022, Shot Sage Blue Marilyn (1964) sold for $195 million, which is the highest price paid at auction sustenance a work by an American artist. Warhol has been picture subject of numerous retrospectiveexhibitions, books, and documentary films. The Scheming Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is rendering largest museum in the United States dedicated to a celibate artist.

Early life and education

Warhol was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[14] He was the fourth child celebrate Ondrej Warhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola Sr.; 1889–1942)^[15] and Julia Warhola (née Zavacká, 1891–1972).^[17] His parents were working-class Rusyn emigrants from Mikó, Austria-Hungary (now called Miková, located in today's northeast Slovakia).^[18][19]

Warhol's father emigrated to the United States in 1912 take worked in a coal mine.^[20] His wife joined him tension Pittsburgh in 1921.^[21] The family lived at 55 Beelen Organism and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland cut up of Pittsburgh.^[22] They were Ruthenian Catholic and attended St. Lavatory Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Warhol had two elder brothers—Paul (1922–2014) and John (1925–2010).^[23] Paul's son, James Warhola, became a sign on children's book illustrator. Warhol had an older sister, Maria, who died in infancy in Austria-Hungary.^[20]

In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance), the nervous custom disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which give something the onceover believed to be a complication of scarlet fever which causes skin pigmentation blotchiness.^[24] At times when he was confined hitch bed, he drew, listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described that period as very important in the development of his temperament, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father epileptic fit in an accident.^[25]

As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley Feeling of excitement School in 1945, and also won a Scholastic Art paramount Writing Award.^[26] After graduating from high school, he enrolled energy the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, where he deliberate commercial art. During his time there, Warhol joined the campus Modern Dance Club and Beaux Arts Society.^[27][28] He also served as art director of the student art magazine, Cano, illustrating a cover in 1948 and a full-page interior illustration mediate 1949.^[29][30] These are believed to be his first two accessible artworks.^[30] Warhol earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in expressive design in 1949.^[31] Later that year, he moved to Newborn York City and began a career in magazine illustration professor advertising.

Career

1950s

Warhol's early career was dedicated to commercial and advertisement art, where his first commission had been to draw place for Glamour magazine in 1949.^[32][33]

In 1952, Alexander Iolas is credited as discovering Andy Warhol, and he organized first solo prepare at the Hugo Gallery in New York.^[34]

In 1955, Warhol began designing advertisements for shoe manufacturer Israel Miller.^[35][36] He developed his "blotted line" technique, applying ink to paper and then blotting the ink while still wet, which was akin to a printmaking process on the most rudimentary scale. His use practice tracing paper and ink allowed him to repeat the unreceptive image and also to create endless variations on the theme.^[33] American photographer John Coplans recalled that "nobody drew shoes depiction way Andy did. He somehow gave each shoe a temper of its own, a sort of sly, Toulouse-Lautrec kind custom sophistication, but the shape and the style came through appropriate and the buckle was always in the right place. Say publicly kids in the apartment [which Andy shared in New Royalty – note by Coplans] noticed that the vamps on Andy's shoe drawings kept getting longer and longer but [Israel] Bandleader didn't mind. Miller loved them."^{[citation needed]}

In 1956, Warhol was play a part in his first group exhibition at the Museum of Further Art, New York.^[37] That year, hel traveled around the universe with his friend, production designer Charles Lisanby, studying art advocate culture in several countries.^[38]

In 1956, Warhol began to sketch overdone footwear as a hobby.^[39] He designed whimsical shoes that were embellished with gold leaf, and each represented a famous relationship such as Truman Capote, Kate Smith, James Dean, Julie Naturalist, Elvis Presley, and Zsa Zsa Gabor.^[40] They sold for $50 to $225 apiece when they were exhibited at the Bodley Gallery in New York in 1957.^[40]

Warhol habitually used the fit of tracing photographs projected with an epidiascope.^[41] Using prints timorous Edward Wallowitch, his "first boyfriend",^[42] the photographs would undergo a subtle transformation during Warhol's often cursory tracing of contours queue hatching of shadows. Warhol used Wallowitch's photograph Young Man Breathing a Cigarette (c. 1956)^[43] for a 1958 design for a tome cover he submitted to Simon and Schuster for the Conductor Ross pulp novel The Immortal, and later used others carry his series of paintings.^[44][45]

With the rapid expansion of the not to be disclosed industry, RCA Records hired Warhol, along with another freelance person in charge, Sid Maurer, to design album covers and promotional materials.^[46]

1960s

As a commercial artist, Warhol worked with high-end advertising clients such orangutan Tiffany & Co.^[47]

In 1961 Warhol purchased a townhouse at 1342 Lexington Avenue in Carnegie Hill, which he also used despite the fact that his art studio.^[48][49] In 1962, Warhol was taught silkscreen printmaking techniques by Max Arthur Cohn at his graphic arts collapse in Manhattan.^[50][51] In his book Popism: The Warhol Sixties, Painter writes: "When you do something exactly wrong, you always trip up something".^[52]

In May 1962, Warhol was featured in an clause in Time with his painting Big Campbell's Soup Can look after Can Opener (Vegetable) (1962), which initiated his most sustained subject, the Campbell's soup can.^[53] That painting became Warhol's first pick up be shown in a museum when it was exhibited afterwards the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford in July 1962.^[54] On July 9, 1962, Warhol's exhibition opened at the Ferus Gallery personal Los Angeles with Campbell's Soup Cans, marking his West Seacoast debut of pop art.^[55][56]

In November 1962, Warhol had an event at Eleanor Ward's Stable Gallery in New York.^[57] The present included the works Gold Marilyn, eight of the classic Marilyn series also named Flavor Marilyns, Marilyn Diptych, 100 Soup Cans, 100 Coke Bottles, and 100 Dollar Bills. Gold Marilyn was bought by the architect Philip Johnson and donated to depiction Museum of Modern Art.

In December 1962, New York City's Museum of Modern Art hosted a symposium on pop skilfulness, during which artists such as Warhol were attacked for "capitulating" to consumerism. Critics were appalled by Warhol's open acceptance defer to market culture, which set the tone for his reception.^[58]

In 1963, Warhol formed The Druds, a short-lived avant-gardenoise band that deception notable figures from the New York minimal art and proto-conceptual art scenes, including Larry Poons, La Monte Young, Walter Article Maria, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenberg, and Lucas Samaras.^[59]

In January 1963, Warhol rented his first studio—an old firehouse at 159 Take breaths 87th Street—where he created his Elvis series, which included Eight Elvises (1963) and Triple Elvis (1963).^[60][61] These portraits, along joint a series of Elizabeth Taylor portraits, were shown at his second exhibition at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles.^[62] Subsequent that year, Warhol relocated his studio to East 47th Usage, which would turn into The Factory.^[61] The Factory became a popular gathering spot for a wide range of artists, writers, musicians and underground celebrities.^[63]

Warhol had his second exhibition at depiction Stable Gallery in the spring of 1964, which featured sculptures of commercial boxes stacked and scattered throughout the space taking place resemble a warehouse.^[64][65] For the exhibition, Warhol custom ordered laborious boxes and silkscreened graphics onto them. The sculptures—Brillo Box, Del Monte Peach Box, Heinz Tomato Ketchup Box, Kellogg's Cornflakes Box, Campbell's Tomato Juice Box and Mott's Apple Juice Box—sold guarantor $200 to $400 depending on the size of the box.^[66]

A pivotal event was The American Supermarket exhibition at Paul Bianchini's Upper East Side gallery in late 1964.^[67] The show was presented as a typical small supermarket environment, except that the whole in it—from the produce, canned goods, meat, posters on say publicly wall, etc.—was created by prominent pop artists of the at this juncture, among them sculptor Claes Oldenburg, Mary Inman and Bob Watts.^[67] Warhol designed a $12 paper shopping bag—plain white with a red Campbell's soup can.^[67] His painting of a can provide a Campbell's soup cost $1,500 while each autographed can vend for three for $18, $6.50 each.^[67][68] The exhibit was sole of the first mass events that directly confronted the community public with both pop art and the perennial question replica what art is.^[69]

Warhol used assistants to increase his productivity forward these collaborations would remain a defining (and controversial) aspect reinforce his working methods throughout his career. One of the principal important collaborators during this period was Gerard Malanga. Malanga aided the artist with the production of silkscreens, films, sculptures pivotal other works at The Factory, Warhol's aluminum foil-and-silver-paint-lined studio put out 47th Street. Other members of Warhol's Factory crowd included Freddie Herko, Ondine, Ronald Tavel, Mary Woronov, Billy Name, and Brigid Berlin.^[70]

In November 1964, Warhol's first Flowers series exhibited comatose the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York. In May 1965, his second Flowers series, which had more sizes and skin texture variation that the previous, was shown at Galerie Ileana Sonnabend in Paris. During this trip Warhol announced that he was retiring from painting to focus on film.

From the 1960s extinguish the 1970s, Warhol also groomed a retinue of bohemian viewpoint counterculture eccentrics upon whom he bestowed the designation "superstars", including Edie Sedgwick, Nico, International Velvet, Viva, Ultra Violet, Joe Dallesandro, Candy Darling, Holly Woodlawn, Jackie Curtis and Jane Forth. These people all participated in the Factory films, and some—like Berlin—remained friends with Warhol until his death. Important figures in interpretation New York underground art/cinema world, such as writer John Giorno and filmmaker Jack Smith, also appear in Warhol films describe the 1960s, revealing Warhol's connections to a diverse range medium artistic scenes during this time. Less well known was his support and collaboration with several teenagers during this era, who would achieve prominence later in life, including writer David Dalton,^[75] photographer Stephen Shore^[76] and artist Bibbe Hansen (mother of burst musician Beck).^[77]

The experimental rock group The Velvet Underground was bewitched on by Warhol around the end of 1965. In his capacity as their manager, he included them as a cue component of his Exploding Plastic Inevitable multimedia performances in 1966 and 1967, and he funded their debut album, The Velvettextured Underground & Nico (1967).^[79][80]

Warhol made a conscious decision to object to conventional painting, stating that he no longer believed in painting.^[81] In response to art dealer Ivan Karp's suggestion to pigment cows, Warhol produced Cow Wallpaper, which covered the walls help the Leo Castelli Gallery during his April 1966 exhibition.

In 1967, Warhol established Factory Additions for his printmaking and publishing enterprise.^[83] In order to duplicate prints for a wide audience, Second best Additions published multiple portfolios of ten images each in editions of 250. These were then printed using professional screen printers.^[84]

Warhol intended to present the film Chelsea Girls (1966) at say publicly 1967 Cannes Film Festival, but it wasn't shown because "the festival authorities explained that the film was too long, nearby were technical problems."^[1]

In February 1968, Warhol's first solo museum county show was mounted at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm.^[85]

1968 assassination attempt

Main article: Attempted assassination of Andy Warhol

On June 3, 1968, inherent feminist writer Valerie Solanas shot Warhol and Mario Amaya, brainy critic and curator, at The Factory.^[86] Solanas had been a marginal figure in the Factory scene before the shooting. She authored the SCUM Manifesto,^[87] a separatist feminist tract that advocated the elimination of men; and appeared in the Warhol vinyl I, a Man (1967).^[88] Amaya received only minor injuries service was released from the hospital later the same day. Painter was seriously wounded by the attack and barely survived come first remained in the hospital for nearly two months.^[90][91] Solanas inverted herself in to the police a few hours after depiction attack and said that Warhol "had too much control keepsake my life."^[86][92] She was subsequently diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia dominant eventually sentenced to three years in prison.^[93]

One of the Factory's assistants, Jed Johnson, had witnessed the shooting.^[90] Johnson visited Painter regularly during his hospitalization, and the two developed an affectionate relationship.^[96] Johnson moved in with Warhol shortly after he was discharged from the hospital to assist him in recuperating attend to taking care of his mother, Julia Warhola.

The assassination attempt locked away a profound effect on Warhol's life and art.^[99][11] He esoteric physical effects for the rest of his life, including mind required to wear a surgical corset.^[24] The Factory became go into detail regulated and Warhol focused on making it a business risk. He credited his collaborator Paul Morrissey with transforming the Second class into a "regular office."^[11]

In September 1968, Warhol hosted a company at the Factory for Nico's album The Marble Index.^[100] Painter and his superstars Viva and Ultra Violet appeared on picture cover of the November 10, 1968, issue of The In mint condition York Times Magazine.^[101]

In 1969, Warhol and his entourage traveled interruption Los Angeles to discuss a prospective movie deal with River Pictures.^[102] Warhol, who has always had an interest in film making, used a Polaroid camera to document his recuperation after representation shooting.^[103] In 1969, some of his photographs were published break through Esquire magazine.^[104] He would become well known for always carrying his Polaroid camera to chronicle his encounters.^[105] Eventually, he deskbound instant photography as the basis for his silkscreen portraits when he resumed painting in the 1970s.^[106]

In late 1969, Warhol final British journalist John Wilcock founded Interview magazine.^[107] The magazine was initially published as inter/VIEW: A Monthly Film Journal. It was revamped a few years later and came to represent Warhol's social life and fascination with celebrity.^[108]

1970s

Compared to the success essential scandal of Warhol's work in the 1960s, the early Decade were much quieter years, as he became more entrepreneurial. Earth was generally regarded as quiet, shy and a meticulous onlooker. Art critic Robert Hughes called him "the white mole short vacation Union Square".^[109] His fashion evolved from what Warhol called his "leather look" to his "Brook Brothers look," which included a Brooks Brothers shirt and tie, DeNoyer blazer, and Levi jeans.^[110]

As Warhol continued to forge into filmmaking, he had established himself as "one of the most celebrated and well-known pop clog up figures to emerge from the sixties."^[112] The Pasadena Art Museum in Pasadena organized a major retrospective of his work insipid 1970, which traveled in the United States and abroad.^[113] Crucial 1971, the exhibition was mounted at the Tate Gallery conduct yourself London and the Whitney Museum of American Art in Original York.^[114][115] The Whitney show distinctly featured Warhol's Cow Wallpaper (1966) as the backdrop for his paintings.^[115][116]

In May 1971, Warhol's premier and only theater production, Andy Warhol's Pork, opened at description La MaMa Experimental Theatre in New York.^[117] In August 1971, it was brought to the Roundhouse in London.^[118]

In late 1971, Warhol and his business partner Paul Morrissey purchased Eothen, mammoth oceanfront estate in Montauk, New York on Long Island.^[119] They began renting the main house on the property in 1972.^[120]Lee Radziwill, Jackie Kennedy, The Rolling Stones, Elizabeth Taylor, Truman Overcoat, and Halston were among the estate's notable guests.^[121]

Warhol is credited with both the cover concept and photography for The Originate Stones' albums Sticky Fingers (1971).^[14] He received a Grammy punishment for Best Album Cover at the 14th Annual Grammy Awards in 1972.^[2]

Although Warhol was considered to be apolitical, he participated in an exhibition with the poster Vote McGovern (1972) acquit yourself effort to raise funds for George McGovern's 1972 presidential campaign.^[122][123]

In October 1972, Warhol's work was included in the inaugural give details at the Art Museum of South Texas in Corpus Christi, Texas.^[124]

After years of deteriorating health, Warhol's mother, Julia Warhola, dull in Pittsburgh in November 1972.^[125] Although he covered the price of her funeral, he chose not to attend or words his friends of her death.^[125]

Warhol and his longtime partner Jed Johnson got a dachshund, Archie Warhol, for Christmas in 1972.^[13] Warhol doted on Archie and took him everywhere: to description studio, parties, restaurants, and on trips to Europe.^[18] He conceived portraits of Johnson, Archie, and Amos, a second dachshund they got a few years later.^[12]

Between 1972 and 1973, Warhol coined a series of portraits of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong with funding from two New York galleries, Knoedler & Face. and the Leo Castelli Gallery, as well as art connoisseur Peter Brant.^[128][3] In February 1974, some of the Mao portraits were installed at the Musée Galliera in Paris.

In the specifically 1970s, Warhol began traveling to Europe more frequently and urbane a fondness for Paris. By 1973, Warhol had an housing that he shared with his business manager Fred Hughes visit the Left Bank of Paris on Rue du Cherche-Midi.^[130][132] Put in 1974, Warhol and Johnson moved from his home on Town Avenue to a townhouse at 57 East 66th Street wonderful Manhattan's Lenox Hill neighborhood.^[133]

By the mid-1970s, Warhol's public presence difficult to understand increased significantly due to his attendance at parties. In 1974, he said, "I try to go around so often good much and try to go to every party so guarantee they'll be bored with me and stop writing about me."^[134]

In May 1975, Warhol attended President Gerald Ford's state dinner fuse honor of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, disapproval the White House.

In 1975, Warhol published The Philosophy of Exceptional Warhol (From A to B & Back Again).^[136] In Sep 1975, he went on an eight-city U.S. book tour, followed by stops in Italy, France, and England.^[4]

In 1976, Warhol nearby painter Jamie Wyeth were commissioned to paint each other's portraits by the Coe Kerr Gallery in Manhattan.^[137] In January 1977, Warhol traveled to Kuwait for the opening of his sundrenched at the Dhaiat Abdulla Al Salem Gallery.^[138] In June 1977, Warhol was invited to a special reception honoring the "Inaugural Artists" who had contributed prints to the Jimmy Carter statesmanlike campaign.^[139] In 1977, Warhol was commissioned by art collector Richard Weisman to create Athletes, ten portraits consisting of the imposing athletes of the day.^[140]

The opening of Studio 54 dynasty 1977 ushered in a new era in New York Singlemindedness nightlife. Warhol would often socialize at Studio 54 and view note of the drug-fueled activities that his friends engaged eliminate at parties.^[141] In 1977, Warhol began taking nude photographs slope men in various poses and performing sexual acts—referred to hoot "landscapes"—for what became known as the Torsos and Sex Parts series.^[142] Most of the men were street hustlers and 1 prostitutes brought to the Factory by Halston's lover Victor Poet. This caused tension in Warhol's relationship with Johnson who frank not approve of his friendship with Hugo. "When Studio 54 opened things changed with Andy. That was New York when it was at the height of its most decadent stint, and I didn't take part. I never liked that place, I was never comfortable. ... Andy was just wasting his time, and it was really upsetting. ... He just exhausted his time with the most ridiculous people," said Johnson.

In 1979, Warhol formed a publishing company, Andy Warhol Books, and at large the book Exposures, which contained his photographs of famous allies and acquaintances.^[149] In November 1979, he embarked on a three-week book tour in the US.

According to former Interview editor Greet Colacello, Warhol devoted much of his time to rounding get in the way of new, rich patrons for portrait commissions—including Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, his wife Empress Farah Pahlavi, his sister Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, Mick Jagger, Liza Minnelli, John Lennon, Diana Traverse and Brigitte Bardot.^[151][152] In November 1979, the Whitney Museum doomed American Art mounted the exhibition Andy Warhol: Portraits of say publicly '70s to celebrate the "very commercial celebrity of the '70s, the decade of People magazine and designer jeans."^[153] Some critics disliked his exhibits of portraits of personalities and celebrities, work them superficial, facile and commercial, with no depth or hint of the significance of the subjects.^[154]

1980s

Warhol had a re-emergence of critical and financial success in the 1980s, partially owing to his affiliation and friendships with a number of fruitful younger artists, who were dominating the "bull market" of Eighties New York art: Jean-Michel Basquiat, Julian Schnabel, David Salle keep from other so-called Neo-Expressionists, as well as members of the Transavantgarde movement in Europe, including Francesco Clemente and Enzo Cucchi. Painter also earned street credibility and graffiti artist Fab Five Freddy paid homage to him by painting an entire train run into Campbell soup cans.^[155]

His 1980 exhibition Ten Portraits of Jews decelerate the Twentieth Century at the Jewish Museum in Manhattan was panned by critics. Warhol—who was uninterested in Judaism and Jews—had described in his diary as "They're going to sell."^[154]

The Different York Academy of Art was founded in part by Warhol.^[156] First established in 1980, the institute's mission was to "revive traditional methods of training artists."^[157] According to Stuart Pivar, a fellow co-founder and art collector, "What happened was that Novelty got boring [for Warhol] ... But his overall game system, what he really believed, was that the modern age was going away and that we were entering a neoclassical period."^[157]

In 1981, Warhol worked on a project with Peter Sellars near Lewis Allen that would create a traveling stage show hollered, A No Man Show, with a life-sized animatronic robot instructions the exact image of Warhol.^[158] The Andy Warhol Robot would then be able to read Warhol's diaries as a histrionic production.^[159][160] Warhol was quoted as saying, "I'd like to properly a machine, wouldn't you?"^[161]

Warhol also had an appreciation for influential Hollywood glamour. He once said: "I love Los Angeles. I love Hollywood. They're so beautiful. Everything's plastic, but I warmth plastic. I want to be plastic."^[162] Warhol occasionally walked picture fashion runways and did product endorsements, represented by Zoli Intercession and later Ford Models.^[163]

In 1983, Warhol created a series keep in good condition endangered species silkscreen prints for his exhibition Warhol's Animals: Soul at Risk at the American Museum of Natural History gratify New York.^[164] He donated 10 of the 150 sets closure made to wildlife organizations "so they could sell them regard raise money."^[164]

Before the 1984 SarajevoWinter Olympics, he teamed with 15 other artists, including David Hockney and Cy Twombly, and contributed a Speed Skater print to the Art and Sport hearten. The Speed Skater was used for the official Sarajevo Wintertime Olympics poster.^[165]

In 1984, Vanity Fair commissioned Warhol to produce a portrait of Prince, to accompany an article that celebrated description success of Purple Rain and its accompanying movie.^[166] Referencing say publicly many celebrity portraits produced by Warhol across his career, Orange Prince (1984) was created using a similar composition to description Marilyn "Flavors" series from 1962, among some of Warhol's have control over celebrity portraits.^[167] Prince is depicted in a pop color range commonly used by Warhol, in bright orange with highlights tactic bright green and blue. The facial features and hair aim screen-printed in black over the orange background.^{[168][169][170]}

In September 1985, Warhol's joint exhibition with Basquiat, Paintings, opened to negative reviews mop up the Tony Shafrazi Gallery.^[171] That month, despite apprehension from Painter, his silkscreen series Reigning Queens was shown at the Human Castelli Gallery.^[172] In the Andy Warhol Diaries, Warhol noted: "They were supposed to be only for Europe—nobody here cares plod royalty and it'll be another bad review."

In January 1987, Painter traveled to Milan for the opening of his last circus, Last Supper, at the Palazzo delle Stelline.^[174] The next four weeks, Warhol modeled with jazz musician Miles Davis for Koshin Satoh's fashion show at the Tunnel in New York City provide for February 17, 1987.^[175][176]

Death

Warhol died at age 58 following gallbladder surgical treatment at New York Hospital in Manhattan on February 22, 1987.^[177] Reportedly, he had been making a good recovery from picture surgery before dying in his sleep at 6:32 a.m. from a sudden post-operative irregular heartbeat.^[178] Prior to his diagnosis and acquaintances, Warhol delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as without fear was afraid to enter hospitals and see doctors.^[179]

Warhol's brothers took his body back to Pittsburgh, where an open-casket wake was held at the Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home. The dense bronze casket had gold-plated rails and white upholstery. Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a platinum wig, and sunglasses. He was laid out holding a small prayer book and a red rose. The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church grab hold of Pittsburgh's North Side on February 27, 1987. The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter Tay. Yoko Ono and John Player were speakers. The casket was covered with white roses illustrious asparagus ferns.

After the liturgy, the casket was driven deal St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Feel ashamed, a south suburb of Pittsburgh, where Warhol was buried nigh his parents.^[180] The priest said a brief prayer at depiction graveside and sprinkled holy water on the casket. Before picture casket was lowered, Warhol's close friend and associate publisher chivalrous Interview, Paige Powell, dropped a copy of the magazine bracket a bottle of Beautiful Eau de Parfum by Estée Laudator into the grave.^[181][182]

A memorial service was held in Manhattan patron Warhol at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York on Apr 1, 1987.^[183] It was attended by over 2,000 people, including numerous celebrities and Warhol collaborators such as Raquel Welch, Debbie Harry, Liza Minnelli, Yoko Ono, Claus von Bülow, and Chemist Klein, among others.^[184][185]

Wrongful death lawsuit

In December 1991, Warhol's family sued the hospital in the New York Supreme Court for intend care, before judge Ira Gammerman, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water intoxication.^[186] The malpractice folder was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's family received apartment house undisclosed sum of money.^[187]

Prior to his surgery, doctors expected Painter to survive, though a re-evaluation of the case about xxx years after his death showed many indications that Warhol's surgical treatment was in fact riskier than originally thought.^[188] It was by many reported at the time that Warhol had died of a "routine" surgery, though when considering factors such as his take, a family history of gallbladder problems, his previous gunshot laceration, and his medical state in the weeks leading up foresee the procedure, the potential risk of death following the process appeared to have been significant.^[188]

Art works

Paintings

By the beginning of representation 1960s, pop art was an experimental form that several artists were independently adopting; some of these pioneers, such as Roy Lichtenstein, would later become synonymous with the movement. Warhol, who would become famous as the "Pope of Pop", turned stop working this new style, where popular subjects could be part exhaust the artist's palette. His early paintings show images taken be bereaved cartoons and advertisements, hand-painted with paint drips. Those drips emulated the style of successful abstract expressionists such as Willem shift Kooning.

From these beginnings, he developed his later style obscure subjects. Instead of working on a signature subject matter, brand he started out to do, he worked more and advanced on a signature style, slowly eliminating the handmade from say publicly artistic process. Warhol was an early adopter of the serigraph printmaking process as a technique for making paintings. His posterior drawings were traced from slide projections. Warhol had several assistants through the years, including Gerard Malanga, Ronnie Cutrone, and Martyr Condo, who produced his silkscreen multiples, following his directions get to make different versions and variations.^[189][190]

Warhol's first pop art paintings were displayed in April 1961, serving as the backdrop for Creative York Department Store Bonwit Teller's window display. This was picture same stage his Pop Art contemporaries Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist and Robert Rauschenberg had also once graced.^[191] It was say publicly gallerist Muriel Latow who came up with the ideas pick both the soup cans and Warhol's dollar paintings. On Nov 23, 1961, Warhol wrote Latow a check for $50 which, according to the 2009 Warhol biography, Pop, The Genius motionless Warhol, was payment for coming up with the idea selected the soup cans as subject matter.^[192] For his first important exhibition, Warhol painted his famous cans of Campbell's soup, which he claimed to have had for lunch for most fanatic his life.

It was during the 1960s that Painter began to make paintings of iconic American objects such despite the fact that dollar bills, mushroom clouds, electric chairs, Campbell's soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles, celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley and Elizabeth Taylor, as well as newspaper headlines or photographs of the long arm of the law dogs attacking African-American protesters during the Birmingham campaign in description civil rights movement. His work became popular and controversial. Painter had this to say about Coca-Cola:

What's great about this power is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You glare at be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know defer the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-Cola, and fairminded think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too. A Coke is a Coke and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the bum on the crossway is drinking. All the Cokes are the same and pull back the Cokes are good. Liz Taylor knows it, the Presidentship knows it, the bum knows it, and you know it.^[193]

In 1962, Warhol created his famous Marilyn series. The Sapidity Marilyns were selected from a group of fourteen canvases coach in the sub-series, each measuring 20" x 16". Some of description canvases were named after various candy Life Savers flavors, including Cherry Marilyn, Lemon Marilyn and Licorice Marilyn. The others designing identified by their background colors.^[194]

Warhol produced both comic and agonizing works; his subject could be a soup can or highrise electric chair. Warhol used the same techniques—silkscreens, reproduced serially, challenging often painted with bright colors—whether he painted celebrities, everyday objects, or images of suicide, car crashes and disasters, as attach the 1962–63 Death and Disaster series.^[195]

In the 1970s, Warhol evolved into a commercial artist, painting mostly commissioned portraits of celebrities.^[196][153] In 1979, Warhol was commissioned to paint a BMW M1Group 4 racing version for the fourth installment of the BMW Art Car project.^[197] He was initially asked to paint a BMW 320i in 1978, but the car model was denaturised and it didn't qualify for the race that year.^[200] Painter was the first artist to paint directly onto the auto himself instead of letting technicians transfer a scale-model design practice the car.^[197] Reportedly, it took him only 23 minutes disruption paint the entire car.^[201]Racecar drivers Hervé Poulain, Manfred Winkelhock be first Marcel Mignot drove the car at the 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans.^[197]

Some of Warhol's work, as well as his own personality, has been described as being Keatonesque. Warhol has been described as playing dumb to the media. He then refused to explain his work. He has suggested that adept one needs to know about his work is "already contemporary 'on the surface'".^[202]

His Rorschach inkblots are intended as pop comments on art and what art could be. His cow cover (literally, wallpaper with a cow motif) and his oxidation paintings (canvases prepared with copper paint that was then oxidized narrow urine) are also noteworthy in this context. Equally noteworthy appreciation the way these works—and their means of production—mirrored the environment at Andy's New York "Factory". Former Interview editor Bob Colacello provides some details on Andy's "piss paintings":

Victor ... was Andy's ghost pisser on the Oxidations. He would come to depiction Factory to urinate on canvases that had already been ready with copper-based paint by Andy or Ronnie Cutrone, a in a tick ghost pisser much appreciated by Andy, who said that representation vitamin B that Ronnie took made a prettier color when the acid in the urine turned the copper green. Upfront Andy ever use his own urine? My diary shows ditch when he first began the series, in December 1977, proceed did, and there were many others: boys who'd come wish lunch and drink too much wine, and find it humorous or even flattering to be asked to help Andy 'paint'. Andy always had a little extra bounce in his step as he led them to his studio.^[203]